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London — Voting is under way in the United Kingdom’s snap general election, with millions expected to deliver their verdict on the Brexit crisis engulfing British politics.

Yesterday’s ballot will shape how, or whether, the UK will finally exit the European Union after months of parliamentary deadlock over how to execute the result of its 2016 referendum on membership of the bloc.

The vote brings to an end a febrile campaign period during which Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s Conservative Party and Jeremy Corbyn’s Labour Party have offered starkly different visions for resolving the impasse and rebuilding the UK after a decade of austerity.

Johnson wants to action a swift exit from the EU, while Corbyn is committed to holding a second referendum over the issue.

Polls opened at 7am and close at 10pm local time, with final results expected by early this morning.

More than 45 million voters are registered to take part, but harsh weather and a general sense of weariness, brought on by this being the third election since 2015, may hamper turnout. 

As leaders of the UK’s two largest parties, Johnson (55) and Corbyn (70) are clear frontrunners, but both have been criticised over their leadership credentials. They are fighting what has been called an “unpopularity contest”.

Brexit aside, health and social care provision, the unfolding climate crisis and law and order are among voters’ other key concerns, along with the UK’s economy, which flatlined in the three months leading up to October.

Analysts said it remained to be seen whether Britons would vote according to their views on Brexit, above all else. “We won’t know if it’s the Brexit election until we see the results,” said Anand Menon, director of The UK in a Changing Europe think-tank, citing several pro-Brexit, traditionally Labour-held constituencies as bellwethers. 

“The last time [in 2017], for all the talk about Brexit, it was a pretty traditional election where social class was the determining feature for how and why people voted.”

In Westminster, London’s political heart, voters were out early in the morning under grey skies.

Aicha Daidai (28) said she was voting for the first time in 10 years to try and prevent the Conservatives from extending their decade-long grip on government.

“I voted Labour. Out of all the candidates, Jeremy Corbyn is the one that I relate to and like the most,” Daidai said. “He stands for peace rather than hatred and separation, while as a Muslim woman, I don’t like what Johnson has said about Muslims . . . He more spreads hatred and separation rather than uniting and keeping us together as a nation.”

Both Johnson and Corbyn have fought claims of racism within their parties, over Islamophobia and anti-Semitism respectively. Former-Conservative supporter Adam Ling (50) said he was turning his back on the party over its veer to the right under Johnson’s leadership.

“I voted Liberal Democrats [a pro-EU party]. I’m an ex-Tory, but the party has gone very right-wing and I’m not there,” Ling said. “Brexit is a big issue but also, in general, the Tory party is no longer a big tent; all the people that I liked and admired have all left, so I have left as well.”

Johnson has repeatedly promised to take the UK out of the EU by the end of next month if voters return a majority Conservative government, with his “Get Brexit Done” mantra front and centre of the party’s pre-election campaigning efforts.

Even if Parliament were to sign off on his withdrawal agreement by that deadline, a potentially gruelling negotiation over the UK and EU’s future relationship will begin as the so-called “transition period” comes into effect.

Johnson’s Brexit message has been aimed at consolidating support among his base and luring disgruntled, pro-Brexit Labour voters into switching sides.

“Brexit is wrapped into a whole bunch of other issues, but I think it’s important that we are able to take control of our own destiny from a legal standpoint,” said 54-year-old Conservative voter John, in Westminster, adding the party’s pledges to invest in the NHS and lower taxes also had his support.

“The era of the British Empire is long past and the country needs to be able to embrace a new way forward and to my mind that new way forward is to emulate somewhere like Singapore, and create a low-tax environment. I think it is a lot easier to do that when you’re outside of the EU.” 

Corbyn, for his part, has pledged that a Labour administration would negotiate a softer withdrawal agreement than the one brokered between Johnson and Brussels, one aimed at building a new UK-EU customs union and ensuring close alignment to the EU’s single market. — Al Jazeera