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Jacqueline Ntaka, Analysis

THE dream of Zimbabwe and other African countries that are free from colonial yoke is to establish their own LEO satellite Internet network under the banner of the African Union (AU), a continental equivalent to Starlink, presents both tantalising opportunities and formidable challenges. While the strategic imperative for digital sovereignty and widespread connectivity is clear, the path to realising this ambition is fraught with complexities.

The opportunities are vast. A pan-African satellite network would revolutionise access to vital services. In education, remote learning initiatives could reach previously inaccessible communities, empowering a new generation with digital literacy. In healthcare, telemedicine services could bridge the gap between urban centres and rural populations, improving access to specialist care. Economically, the network would unlock the potential of digital entrepreneurship, fostering innovation and creating new avenues for growth.

Moreover, this infrastructure would provide crucial support for disaster relief efforts, enabling rapid communication and co-ordination in times of crisis. The development and deployment of such a system would also foster critical skills within the African space industry, from satellite engineering to data analysis, creating a sustainable ecosystem of technological expertise.

Crucially, it would allow the AU to control its own data, reducing reliance on external providers and strengthening its cybersecurity posture.

However, the challenges are equally significant. Firstly, the financial investment required is substantial. Building and launching a constellation of thousands of satellites, along with the necessary ground infrastructure, demands significant capital. While pooling resources among AU member states helps, securing sufficient funding remains a major hurdle.

Secondly, technological capacity varies considerably across the continent. Developing a cohesive strategy requires harmonising diverse technical standards and building a skilled workforce capable of operating and maintaining the network. This necessitates significant investment in education and training programmes.

Thirdly, regulatory frameworks must be established to govern the use of satellite spectrum and ensure equitable access to the network. This requires co-ordination among AU member states and international regulatory bodies. Fourthly, political stability and cooperation are essential. Given the diverse political landscape of the AU, maintaining consensus and ensuring long-term commitment to the project is a crucial requirement.

Fifthly, the technical requirements for building, launching and maintaining a large satellite constellation are high, and requires a high level of expertise. Currently, much of this expertise is found outside of the African continent. This requires strong partnerships to be built, and for a plan to be put in place to train and educate people within Africa, so that the skills remain within the continent.

It is also important to consider why China is so invested in catching up to Starlink. Beyond the economic and global connectivity benefits, China perceives Starlink as a potential strategic threat. The ability of Starlink to provide resilient communication in conflict zones, and its potential military applications, are of considerable concern. China’s Spacesail project is a direct response, aiming to build a comparable, and potentially superior, network. This drive creates an opportunity for the AU. China’s rapidly advancing space technology and experience in large-scale infrastructure projects make it a potential partner for the AU. By fostering strategic partnerships with China, the AU could tap into valuable expertise, technology transfer, and potentially even financial support. This collaboration could accelerate the AU’s efforts to establish its own LEO satellite network, while also diversifying its partnerships and ensuring a more balanced approach to its space ambitions.

Overcoming these challenges requires a concerted effort from AU member states, the private sector, and international partners. A clear roadmap, outlining specific milestones and timelines, is essential. Furthermore, fostering public-private partnerships can leverage private sector expertise and investment. Building strong relationships with established space agencies and technology companies can facilitate technology transfer and capacity building.

Ultimately, the success of the AU’s satellite internet initiative depends on its ability to navigate these complexities and capitalise on the immense opportunities that lie ahead.

*Jacqueline Ntaka is the CEO of Mviyo Technologies, a local tech company that provides custom software development, mobile applications and data analytics solutions. She can be contacted on [email protected]