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A mudflow thick with toxic mining waste, which initially spilled earlier this month from the collapse of two tailings dams into a main river in southeast Brazil, has now reached the Atlantic Ocean, says Brazil’s environmental agency, Ibama. Ibama told Al Jazeera on Sunday that thousands of hectares of land and water in the region have been affected by what has been described as the country’s “worst environmental catastrophe in history”, after the flood of sludge travelled at least 500km through the Rio Doce (Sweet River) over the past few weeks.

On November 5, about 60 million cubic metres of iron ore waste — an amount that could fill around 25,000 Olympic-size swimming pools — engulfed and devastated Bento Rodrigues and Paracatu, two districts in the state of Minas Gerais, and contaminated the river, which was a primary source of clean water and food in the region.

At least 11 people were confirmed killed, 15 went missing, and hundreds of homes were destroyed. The extent of environmental damage is still being measured, according to Brazil’s Ibama agency. Some people living in fishing and farming communities along the river say their livelihoods have been severely hurt by the disaster.

As biologists struggle to contain the environmental damage, Brazil’s Environment Minister Izabella Teixeira said it could take up to 30 years to clean up the Doce basin.

Meanwhile, the government is probing the cause of the collapse of the dams in a step towards taking civil action against the mining company, Samarco, an Australian-Brazilian joint venture that owns the dams, after punishing it with a $100m fine. Samarco has agreed to pay more than $250m in compensation over the disaster. — AFP